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Category: Lisa’s Family

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Salem Redux

This past weekend was the official anniversary of the start of the Salem Witch Trials. In honor of my family who were tried (and some executed) during the witch trials, I’m reposting links to my Salem blog posts. The first two links are my family and the third is Bart’s family.

My initial post with updates: https://honeysuckle-farm.com/certain-detestable-arts-called-witchcraft-sorceries/.

My second post about Salem: https://honeysuckle-farm.com/salem-revisited/.

In this post for Bart’s family, the witch trials were briefly mentioned https://honeysuckle-farm.com/tjerck-dewitt-part-1/.

Enjoy!

Lisa @ Days of Our Lives blog

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The Honorable Judge Isaac C. Parker and Jeff Latta

I’m researching my maternal 3rd great grandfather, Jefferson LATTY. I’m trying to make a timeline for his life so I can figure out what happened to him during large chunks of his life where I can’t locate him. There are a number of reasons why someone might disappear for long periods of time. One of them might be a prison stint.

One of the missing periods of Jefferson LATTY’s life is 1870-1892. He supposedly died in 1892, although I’ve found no proof of this. In re-creating a timeline, I noticed that his wife and two of their daughters were living with another family in 1870. By 1880, his wife was living with an adult daughter and her family and she listed herself as a widow which contradicts his alleged 1892 death date. I did another search for him during that time period (as I’ve done many times before) and all I came up with was a Larceny indictment for a Jeff LATTIA in Fort Smith during Judge Isaac C. PARKER’s term. I decided to check those files again and do a deeper dive.

Sam Sixkiller, Policeman for Missouri & Pacific Railroad Company

On 5 March 1883 Sam SIXKILLER learned one of his trains had been robbed. What unfolded during his investigation exposed a long string of thefts from Missouri & Pacific Railroad Company and Sam would end up testifying in court in front of the hanging judge himself, the Honorable Judge Isaac C. PARKER.

Events Unfold

Addison BECK sent a telegram to Thomas BOLES, the US Marshall in Muskogee, Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). He requested writs for, among others, Jeff LATTA for the reason of “breaking open cars & crating thirty five sacks flour hundred pounds lard with other goods”. We learn in the indictment that “other goods” included “two gallons of either…and one box of tobacco”. I thought perhaps the statement was trying to say that Jeff had stolen liquor but I wasn’t sure. Later in the file there was a witness statement from Sam SIXKILLER. He said in his statement that Jeff stole “a demijohn of ether”. (I’m still not completely clear on what a demijohn of ether is. Feel free to enlighten me if you know.) Sam was investigating and he stopped to talk with Jeff at Jeff’s home. While there, he found the flour, the demijohn, a box of canned lard, plus some other things including a surveyor’s compass. Sam interrogated Jeff about the theft and all the items in Jeff’s home.

Jeff Latta AKA Jeff Lattia – Hungry Boy

Sounds to me like Jeff was hungry. Flour, lard…I’m thinking biscuits. The liquor and tobacco were just bonuses…maybe. In any case, I’m not sure Sam even had to “break” Jeff. The way Sam’s statement read, Jeff pretty much admitted to the robbery plus other robberies and even named names. Jeff admitted to robbing the ether from the train. He said Silas JAMES brought the surveyor’s compass to his home. He said Alex ROBINSON brought the canned lard there but the lard was taken sometime before the flour was taken. The surveyor’s compass was taken on yet a different trip. Jeff admitted they’d been on the train robbing it multiple times. Jeff said Ed BOHANNAN was with him when he took the flour. Other people were involved on other occasions. Jeff was apparently the “wheelman” in the flour theft. It was his wagon onto which the men loaded the flour and transported it home. William FIELDS testified that when the men robbed the train, the evidence showed they had thrown out the bags of flour from the train car while it was still moving. They then loaded the bags of flour onto Jeff’s wagon and took the load back to Jeff’s house. FIELDS testified they were able to follow the wagon tracks from the site of the robbery right to Jeff LATTA’s house. According to fields, they found 2 demijohns of ether rather than 1.

Honorable Judge Isaac C. Parker Hands Down the Sentence

The following men were charged with Larceny:

  • Jeff LATTA, aka Jeff LATTIA, aka Jeff LATTY
  • One HAYS
  • Ed BOHANNAN
  • John ROBINSON
  • Frank WALKER
  • Silas JAMES
  • Bud FULSOM
  • One ROBINSON

John ROBINSON was discharged. I’m not sure what happened with the other men. Judge PARKER set Jeff’s bail at $1000. Jeff couldn’t make bail. Jeff pled guilty to the Larceny charge. Judge PARKER sentenced him to one year in prison to be served in Detroit, Michigan.

Afterward

I don’t know what happened to Jeff after his indictment but the story was interesting and since it happened on March 5th of 1883, I thought it would be appropriate to do a quick retelling 141 years later. I still don’t know where my Jefferson LATTY was at during this time. I only know that other researchers have connected the criminal files to my Jefferson’s nephew and not to my Jefferson. I’ve found no other information to confirm or refute this. I’m not editing this story before it goes out so I hope it’s readable. It’s after midnight which means it’s now March 5th. I hope you have a wonderful day and enjoy this story.

Until next time,

Lisa @ Days of Our Lives blog

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The Pigs Won That Round, Part 2

This is part 2 of a set of posts. If you haven’t read Part 1, I recommend you click the link and read that post from yesterday. I wrote this set of blog posts at the end of Family History Writing Month (February). I’m in the middle of edits on a novel and I’m feeling creative. Today’s post was written because I wanted to see what this story would be like if it were in a novel. This story isn’t highly edited, in fact, it’s hardly edited at all so there will be errors. It is what it is. In regard to sources used for the story, I looked at the newspaper article from yesterday, my dad’s memory of the event, and I looked up the weather for 7 November 1960 (the date of the incident) on Extreme Weather Watch. I was limited in weather station choices for that date. I chose to use the weather for Tulsa, Oklahoma as it would have been similar enough. The weather for Tulsa on 7 November 1960 included a low of 30 and a high of 53 degrees and no precipitation.

In the event you didn’t read the post from yesterday, this is a retelling of a story about my 2nd great grandfather, Ervin “Poppy Lon” DRAKE. I’ve written about him before and those stories are linked in yesterday’s post. Since today’s post includes references to CJ DRAKE, the grandson of Poppy, I’ll include links to posts about CJ below.

One of the Tenderest Tough Women I Ever Knew

Charles Junior “C.J.” Drake, a Follow-Up

Case #13218, Carle Burleson, b/n/f/ vs. William J. Drake, et al: Update on the Death of C.J. Drake

Yesterday I posted a bonus picture of Poppy. Today I’m posting the record of his charter membership at Poynor Baptist Church in Delaware County, Oklahoma. Poppy loved going to Poynor Church.

Please remember the story below is BASED ON facts but I’ve filled in with pure imagination to make it more like a novel. Enjoy.

Poppy’s in Danger

It was a cold Monday morning on 7 November 1960. Poppy shivered, despite his denim coat and the layers of clothes he wore under his overalls. He grabbed 3 sticks of wood, bundled them in his arms, and headed back into the house to build up the fire that had waned overnight. His back hurt and his knees would barely lift him up the stairs this morning. Below freezing was no temperature for an old man. Poppy’s thoughts drifted to his recent birthday – number 85 for him. The family had thrown him a birthday party and he’d been happy to oblige. Some folk didn’t get to live as long as him. They’d buried his 18-year-old grandson five years prior, just before Christmas. That was a tough year. CJ was a good boy. Poppy said a prayer for CJ even though he knew prayers wouldn’t do the boy any good now he was gone and buried.

He shut the door with his foot, put the wood on the fire, and looked out the window. The weather was still good enough to be outside some days. It was on the cold side, but no snow or rain or ice yet. He poured himself a cup of coffee. As he was pouring, he sent a quick thank-you prayer for his great-grandson Roy who had hauled up fresh water from the spring just the day before. Fresh water made the best coffee and he was thankful for it! Poppy grabbed his coffee cup and went outside, despite the cold. His porch rocker was his favorite place on days with decent enough weather. His eyes were too poor to read his Bible but he could sit and converse with God while he rocked. He missed going to church at Poynor on Sundays but his health just wasn’t good enough for him to get out anymore. Poppy sipped on the coffee and it helped keep him warm while the world woke up. He loved a good morning like this. The smoke from fireplaces around the valley hung low in the trees and the smoky scent was comforting. Poppy dozed off for awhile.

When Poppy woke with a start, he wasn’t sure what had woken him. He looked around and saw nothing out of place. He tore off a piece of tobacco from the twist and put it in his mouth. When he looked up again there was a feral hog in the yard. He hollered at it. It stared back at him, unflinching. Poppy pondered what to do next. Finally he hauled his frame out of the rocker and stood. He straightened up as best he could and threw his arms out to make himself look bigger. He hollered and waved and ordered the feral boar to go away. It did not. Instead, it picked up an acorn off the ground and chewed on it slowly, pondering what he should do with Poppy. Flustered, Poppy had another go at the hog. Unflustered, the hog stared at him coolly. The boar wandered to a different spot and continued eating. “Well ain’t you a dandy,” mumbled Poppy. He stepped off the porch and got closer to the hog. He made himself big again and yelled louder. The hog was unaffected and wandered into the barnyard. “Now, you can’t go in there! You stop!” Poppy picked up the pace but couldn’t block the hog from the barnyard. The hog turned toward Poppy. Poppy made himself big and loud again. Before Poppy stopped yelling, the hog was on him. Its tusk gored Poppy’s leg and knocked him over. The hog gored him again and then bit him. Poppy’s breath was short and fast. His heart was racing, as were his thoughts. The hog stabbed him again and Poppy screamed. He felt the tusk pull out of his leg and it was followed by sharp teeth biting into his thigh. He instinctively rolled over to protect his thigh and the hog took a chunk of flesh out of Poppy’s back side. He started to grab his buttock but thought better of it, thinking it might behoove him to keep his fingers for another day or two. Poppy kicked at the hog but the boar kept coming at him. He rolled on his stomach again and his hand slammed against a rock. “A rock,” thought Poppy, “I need that.”

As the boar dug in for another bite of his leg, Poppy’s fingers were busy digging the rock out of the dirt. He rolled over using all his body weight to propel himself and swung the rock as he rolled. The rock hit the board square in the eye and it staggered. Poppy bashed its head again and it backed away. By then it was too far away to reach so Poppy threw the rock with all the strength he had left and smashed the boar in the forehead. The boar turned and ran into the woods. Poppy’s body shook, as much from cold as from the shock of the attack. He fell back to the ground and passed out.

The End

That’s all I’m writing for today. I hope you enjoyed the more creative version of the story. Just realize, it’s a fictionalized account and not what really happened – at least not that I know of. Have a great weekend!

Until next time,

Lisa @ Days of Our Lives blog

Resources Used in Crafting the Fictional Version of this story:

“The Local Scene,” (Miami News-Record, Miami, Oklahoma), 9 Nov 1960, local news article; Newspapers, https://www.newspapers.com/ : accessed 26 Feb 2024, page 7, col 1.

Drake, Roy. Interview. By Lisa Williams, 26 Feb 2024.

Poynor Baptist Church Membership Roll book. Recorded in 1952. Privately held collection.

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The Pigs Won That Round, Part 1

Happy National Pig Day! When I saw that it’s National Pig Day it made me think of a story about my 2nd great grandpa Ervin “Poppy” Alonzo DRAKE. There are other posts about Poppy and you can find them at:

Ervin Alonzo Drake, 1940 (includes a photo of Poppy and his family);

Take It Easy (in the middle of the post, there’s a brief section about Poppy’s daughter Pearl and it does mention the hog attack in that post);

Poppy Makes a Comeback (includes a photo of Poppy and Annie).

In addition to the pictures in the posts above, here is a bonus picture of Poppy that I love:

As you can see, the photo is dated February, 1959. Back row from left to right: Ervin “Poppy Lon” DRAKE, Mark DRAKE, Eugene DRAKE. Bottom: Roy DRAKE.

Note to reader: I’m writing this story at the end of February – the end of Family History Writing Month. I’m in a creative mood and I wanted to write this brief story using the facts I found, but I also wanted to write the story as if it were in a novel. I wrote it both ways so I could decide which to publish. As it turns out, I want to publish both. So today you’ll get the facts – part 1. Tomorrow you’ll get the creative short story as part 2. I hope you enjoy both.

Dad’s Version

Dad was about 15 or 16 years old when Poppy was attacked by the hog, so he does remember when it happened. His version is below.

Dad said Poppy was old when this happened. Old enough that Poppy had stopped going to church because he didn’t feel up to it anymore. Dad recalled Poppy was in his mid-80’s when he was attacked by a feral boar. Poppy was sitting on his porch in the house he lived in down by the creek [Note: I believe this was his residence in the Poyner area over by Southwest City at the place that had a cave on it.] He had a barn and a sort-of-fenced barnyard. The hog came up in the back yard and Poppy tried yelling at it to make it leave but the hog wouldn’t leave. Poppy thought he could run the hog off so he got off the porch and the hog retreated into the barnyard. Poppy continued to advance on the hog and it attacked Poppy. It gored him with its tusks and bit him on the legs and buttocks. Dad said the hog tore chunks out of Poppy’s thigh. Poppy was in the hospital for a few days but didn’t want to stay there so they released him and he stayed with his nephew, John DRAKE, so John could make sure infection didn’t set in on Poppy’s legs and bottom. Poppy stayed with John for a few weeks after he was released from the hospital. Dad said Poppy was never the same after the feral hog attacked him. Poppy walked with a limp after that and his health went downhill fairly quickly. Dad said Poppy died a few years after that attack.

Dad had a lot of memories about Poppy. He recalled that Poppy had cancer both before and after the hog attack. Before the attack, Poppy had cancer removed from behind his ear – probably a skin cancer. Dad was about 10 or 11 years old when this cancer was removed. After the hog attack, Poppy had cancer again and it killed him. Dad recalled the attack being just one feral hog.

What the Newspaper Said

Now, let’s look at the newspaper’s version of this same story which is a little different.

9 November 1960, Miami Daily News-Record, Miami, Oklahoma.

Poppy would have been 85 years old when this happened. EIGHTY-FIVE! Let that sink in! Now, why on Earth would he try to separate two fighting male hogs at age 85?! I’m not sure why Poppy thought he could separate two fighting boars at his age (or even if that’s what really happened), but he paid a price for it. As Dad said, Poppy was never the same and his health began to decline after that.

My personal opinion about the newspaper article is that the author took liberties with the story. I can’t think of a single logical reason that, at 85 years old, Poppy would think it was a good idea to put himself in the middle of 2 boars fighting – whether tame or feral. He was smarter than that. Nonetheless, I’m grateful to the author for recording the story and, in all honesty, I can’t say what really happened because I wasn’t there.

After ‘The Great Boar Fight’

Three and a half years after ‘The Great Boar Fight’, Poppy passed away. Dad had a lot of fond memories of Poppy and loved him dearly. Some of Dad’s best childhood memories are of times he spent with Poppy. He mentioned that he wished all kids could have a chance to spend time with their great-grandpas and feel as loved as he felt.

I hope you get a chance to spend time with your grandparents or great-grandparents this week if you’re fortunate enough to still have them around. They are treasures! If you can’t visit them today, call them up and wish them a happy National Pig Day! Don’t forget, tomorrow is the more creative version of this story!

Until next time,

Lisa @ Days of Our Lives blog

Resources

“The Local Scene,” (Miami News-Record, Miami, Oklahoma), 9 Nov 1960, local news article; Newspapers, https://www.newspapers.com/ : accessed 26 Feb 2024, page 7, col 1.

Drake, Roy. Interview. By Lisa Williams, 26 Feb 2024.

Drake generation family photo dated Feb 1959. Privately held photo.

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Report Card 2023

Each year I do a “report card” review of my goals for the year. In the report card posts, I review the old goals and make new ones. This year I think I’m going to claim the Butterfly Effect over all my projects. The concept of the Butterfly Effect is that when a butterfly flutters her wings, it creates a tiny change in the atmosphere. That tiny change carries the possibility of altering the path of, or maybe even preventing, a tornado. In other words, small changes can create large results. 2024 will, I hope, be a year that tiny changes will create big results.

2023 Goals in Review

Last year my plan was “simple and uncrowded”. 2023 was anything but “simple and uncrowded”. It was off the rails crazy! Probably the weirdest, craziest year we’ve had in a decade. We were blessed with a new grandchild, said our final goodbyes to way too many family members, welcomed a son-in-law to the family, had seemingly endless job problems, and I wrote 2 novels. Yes – two. You read that correctly! Rough drafts of books 2 and 3 of my children’s series have been completed. I attempted to edit book 1 on my own and found it was just too much with everything else that was going on so as a Christmas present to myself, I hired a book coach to help me edit book 1 so I can hopefully get it published in 2024. The books do have a genealogical component so, while you didn’t see a lot from me in the way of new genealogy blog posts, I was writing like crazy outside of the blog and using my family history that way.

The goals for 2023 were:

  • Self-education at the rate of one training per month with a different topic each quarter;
  • Organization of all the 36 years (!!!) of genealogical data I’ve collected;
  • Writing: 1 blog post per month plus editing/publishing book 1 and writing book 2
  • Focus Family: William & Hester (MITCHELL) DRAKE.

Goal 1: Self-Education

I didn’t actually keep track of all the trainings I did so I can’t say whether I met that goal or not but I did do a lot of self-education throughout the year. I’m going to go ahead and at least give myself a C/Average on that one.

Goal 2: Organization

F/Fail. Fail. Fail. Fail. I did not organize at all!

Goal 3: Writing

I’m giving myself an A/Above Average on this one. I just squeaked in at 12 (mostly) genealogy blog posts. Although my blog posts suffered, I was able to partially edit book 1 and write rough drafts of books 2 and 3. That’s an amazing amount of progress and the books do involve my family history so I’m counting them. I’d say I made exceptional progress on this goal. Hopefully in 2024, I can make progress on both the blog AND the books.

Goal 4: Focus Family

I am not sure I researched William and Hester (MITCHELL) DRAKE at all this year. If I did, I must not have found anything terribly exciting or I would have shared it with you and would likely remember what I found. I’m coming up blank on this one so either I did not work on this goal at all, or I made zero progress. So, I guess it’s an F/Fail on this one.

2024

So there you have it, 2023 in a nutshell. Here’s hoping that 2024 will be calmer (not likely since it’s an election year) and more productive in a variety of areas. My new goals are:

  • Self-education: I like this goal so I’m keeping it. I love learning new things.
  • Organization: Ever the hopeful person, I’m keeping this one too. This will be one of my tiny changes that, I hope, will create big results.
  • Writing: My goal this year will remain 12 blog posts plus I plan to edit and publish books 1 and 2 and (if I’m very lucky) book 3. I’ll also be writing a rough draft of book 4.
  • Focus Family: My focus this year will be split between two families, both of which appear in the books I’m writing. Family 1: Jefferson LATTY. Family 2: William RITER and his dad, Nicholas.) Since I will be researching both of these families for upcoming books in my children’s time travel series, I will be more likely to actually work on the families.

Wishing You a…

I’m wishing you all a calm and peaceful 2024. A year with no loss of family. A year with beautiful additions to your family. A year with much love, peace, and joy for you.

Peace & Love,

Lisa @ Days of Our Lives blog

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Celebrate Your Name Week

This week is Celebrate Your Name Week. Each day has a designated topic. Today is Namesake Day. Since I’ve already written about this topic, I’ll just link my previous post here. Tell me in the comments if you were named after someone or someone was named after you and who it was/is.

You can find my post here: https://honeysuckle-farm.com/the-power-of-a-name/.

Enjoy your week!

Lisa @ Days of Our Lives blog

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New Year, New Goals, New Themes: 2023

Happy 2023! I’ve officially been blogging for 15 years now. Crazy to think it’s been that long! There aren’t a lot of things I stick with for that long but here we are!

The first theme for this year is “I’d like to meet”. We recently lost my uncle, Max. We lost him shortly before Christmas. Today I was reflecting about him seeing and talking to my grandparents (his parents) a couple of days before his passing. I think about this a lot because it’s happened to so many people I know right before they passed away. In regard to my ancestry, there are a lot of people I’d like to meet. I know I won’t get to meet them all since we won’t all be going to the same place after death. Hopefully, I will meet the majority of them though.

I asked my husband today if he ever thought about this part of death – like, who would visit him and escort him out of this world when he died. He said no. Me? I think about it a lot. I think about the people I hope to see again after my death. I’m the opposite of my husband. In fact, I have a running list and have made requests for who escorts me from this life to the next. Never hurts to ask, right?

So, in addition to Jesus and a few prominent Biblical figures (I’m looking at you, Queen Esther!), I’d like to meet the two angel grandbabies that I never got to meet. I’d like to see my son again and my grandparents (Audrey, Gene, Jessie, and Troy) and great grandparents (Mark DRAKE, Edith HUBBARD DRAKE, Ralph LARKIN, Bessie WILLIAMS LARKIN, Albert BATES, Dettie GIBSON BATES, William RITER, and Laura BULLOCK RITER), but most of those are people I’ve already met and the theme was who would you like to meet. So, in addition to my angel grandbabies, I think I would like to meet Emily HENNIG or Lavina PILGRIM DRAKE. I’d like to know what they’re stories are and why I can’t find any information about them. Add in Lucinda DOW GIBSON. She had a crazy life. And maybe the great-grandmothers I didn’t meet – Laura BULLOCK RITER and Dettie GIBSON BATES (see links above). (I’d even settle for meeting the great-grandpas I never met: Ralph LARKIN, Albert BATES, and William RITER – see links above.) We could all sit down and have tea together and discuss the lives they led. I wouldn’t even mind if we discussed what I got right and what I got wrong about them on my blog. I could own up to mistakes in my research for this particular tea time.

Alas, I’ll have to wait. Hopefully they’re waiting for me in the place I intend to be after my death. I’m dying to find out…ha ha. Couldn’t resist that one. In the meantime, I’ll just have to keep researching and keep updating my death bed request list.

I apologize for the morbid start to 2023. Despite the morbid start (or maybe because of it), I recommend clicking the names above to read my blog posts about the people mentioned in this blog. I hope you have a wonderful year – meet all your goals, see all your dreams come true, and find all the love you ever wanted in your life.

All my love,

Lisa @ Days of Our Lives blog

Q. A. Bell and the Radical Republican Party

I was recently reviewing old posts for a 2023 project I’m planning and I came across the blog posts about my paternal 3rd great grandfather, Quincy Adam “Q.A.” BELL and the time he was “tarred and feathered” in the local newspapers for his involvement with the Radical Republican party. To review, you can view part 1 of those posts here, and part 2 here. Part 2 does include some significant updates to the original post, just FYI. I periodically do new searches for information about this event in hopes I’ll find more, but it’s difficult to find anything. I recently landed on some different search terms that I hadn’t tried before and noticed some things that I had previously missed. Just for reference, my line of descent goes from Quincy to his daughter Eliza to her daughter Bess WILLIAMS who is my great grandmother (no relation to my husband’s WILLIAMS).

Radical Repbulicanism & the Party Platform

I came across a newspaper article with the Radical Republican party platform written out and I began to wonder what exactly Radical Republicanism was and what was included in their party platform. Republicans have been vilified in the press for a couple of decades now and the current definition of “radical”…well…things didn’t sound good so I did some research. Radical Republicanism is defined by Britannica as a political party active during and after the Civil War that believed in emancipation of slaves. Later they would advocate for the “equal treatment and enfranchisement of the freed blacks”.1 Pretty radical. (I say that sarcastically.) Missouri was deeply divided politically both during and after the Civil War – much like political parties are today. Living through these last few years, I clearly see how a radicalized press would be able to vilify their opponents. As in the 1870’s, there is prolific and constant name-calling and libelous statements from all parties toward each other. Tensions are high as are emotions, and everything thinks their opinion is correct – just like in 1870.

Let’s see exactly what this party’s platform was in 1870. They espoused:

  • devotion to the Union;
  • endorsement of President GRANT’s administration;
  • reduction of taxes at the state and national government levels to a more appropriate price point;
  • the immediate offering of “Railroad Lands” for sale so as to make the Land Grant fair to everyone;
  • opposition to any additional Congressional Land Grants in territories west of Missouri in the aid of railroad companies or other monopolies unless the land was offered in the public market at the “customary government price”;
  • denounciation all forms of repudiation and a demand for faith and integrity from the government;
  • favoring the government to liberally take care of former Civil War soldiers as well as widows and orphans of deceased soldiers in exchange for the service these men (and women) gave to the country during war;
  • a pledge to act in accordance with the state platform of the Radical Republican party;
  • the granting of suffrage to the nation’s people of color as something necessary and just and never to be revoked;
  • support for a reduction in tariff to an amount that would still provide government revenue but also be fair to the agriculture and manufacturing industries;
  • and, that no one should be told or required to vote a certain way in regard to enfranchising “the rebels” (i.e. Confederates) and that party fidelity should not be based on how one votes on the issue but rather each person has the right to vote their conscience.

Below is the newspaper article listing the platform. I noticed that numbering went from 10th to 12th so I don’t know if an item was removed or if it was just an error.

Newspapers.com. Article dated 30 July 1870 in the Buffalo Review (Buffalo, MO).2

For these views, they were deemed radical. The Republicans (not the Radical Republicans but the more mainstream faction of the party) held the majority in both the House and Senate in 1870. The Radical Republicans could never quite get organized and eventually ceased as a political party. Although third parties existed in 1870, America had not had a third-party president since 1850-1853 when President Millard Fillmore was in office. Here is a visual representation of political parties in the U.S. from 1870-1900 (although it doesn’t show many of the smaller, more fringe political parties):

This chart was found at NCpedia.org.3

I think this quote sums it up best along with the hashtag #EstablishmentElite:

In the election of 1872 the conflict between President U. S. Grant and Horace Greeley has been typically understood as a battle for the soul of the ruling Republican Party.

The Doom of Reconstruction: The Liberal Republicans in the Civil War Era by Andrew Slap.4

A battle for the soul of the ruling Republican Party. Much like 2016 was within the Republican Party, the mainstream Republican Party of 1870 wanted something completely different than the newer, smaller, and less-mainstream Republican factions. It seriously amazes me how much our current political climate mirrors that of my 3rd great grandfather Quincy’s. Will we ever learn from history? Welcome to one more reason why I do this blog. We are doomed to repeat what we do not know or understand.

One journal article described the Marshfield Convention as “[t]he first convention of significance…in the Fourth Congressional District.”5 This was exactly the convention that Quincy BELL attended. The very convention where he was selected to be a permanent officer for the Radical Republican Party Convention in the Fourth Congressional District of Missouri. Tensions were high, and arguments were frequent and emotional. It was a mess to say the least.

“Marshfield Convention”, Buffalo Reflex, 30 July 1870.2

Final Thoughts

I know this isn’t much new information but this information combined with the updated information in the part 2 post linked above at least gives us some more insight about the situation that Quincy walked into in Marshfield in July of 1870. I feel like, in a roundabout way, it also gives us more insight into why a left-leaning newspaper would post an article about him being involved in legal troubles when there is no other information I can find to back that up. To be clear, I did look for me. I was able to schedule a research trip to Columbia, Missouri, to the State Historical Society of Missouri. I looked through the older newspapers that aren’t online and I looked through some books showing court records of Texas County, Missouri, and still haven’t found anything that corroborates that Quincy was in legal trouble of any kind. For now, I’m leaning toward saying Quincy never got into a “scrape” in Texas County and did not flee that county to avoid arrest. These unsupported accusations from a left-leaning newspaper opinion piece leveled against a right-leaning citizen, well…sounds like a pretty standard political hit piece to me. So, until supporting evidence is found regarding Quincy’s alleged criminal activities I’m going to withhold my judgment of him.

I hope you’ve enjoyed learning a little more about our Union Quartermaster Sergeant, Quincy Adam BELL. He’s still a work in progress for me.

Enjoy your weekend, friends!

Lisa @ Days of Our Lives

Resources

  1. Britannica.com – Radical Republican. Accessed online on 1 August 2022.
  2. Newspapers.com; 30 July 1870, Buffalo Reflex, Buffalo, Missouri; Vol. 1, #48, Page 2. Accessed on 2 August 2022.
  3. NCpedia.org. Accessed on 1 August 2022.
  4. Slap, Andrew L., The Doom of Reconstruction: The Liberal Republicans in the Civil War Era, Reconstructing America (New York, NY, 2007; online edn, Fordham Scholarship Online, 10 Mar. 2011), https://doi.org/10.5422/fso/9780823227099.001.0001, accessed 1 Aug 2022.
  5. Barclay, Thomas S. “The Liberal Republican Movement in Missouri”. Missouri Historical Review; Vol. 20, p. 515-564; 1926. Accessed on 1 August 2022 at Google Books.
  6. The State Historical Society of Missouri. Accessed 3 August 2022.
  7. Chronicling America. Accessed on 3 August 2022.

The First Baptist Preacher and the First Baptist Church in Pennsylvania: Thomas Dungan of Cold Springs

Reverend Thomas DUNGAN, Sr. was my maternal 9th great grandfather. He married Elizabeth WEAVER. As I said in my previous post, my mom’s family was thick as thieves in the Poconos and foothills in the 1700’s and this line is right in there with the PARSONS, BRINKER, and SEELY families! The line of descent for me goes from Thomas and Elizabeth to their son Jeremiah, to Jeremiah’s son George, to George’s son Jeremiah, to Jeremiah’s daughter Sarah. Sarah DUNGAN married Zebulon SMITH and they were my 5th great grandparents. Sarah and Zebulon’s daughter Elizabeth married Squire DALE and they were my 4th great grandparents. Elizabeth and Squire had a daughter named Sinthia who married James P. BULLOCK and they were my 3rd great grandparents. The line of descent continues through Sinthia and James’ son James M., to James M.’s daughter (and my great grandmother) Laura BULLOCK RITER. Fun fact about Thomas and Elizabeth: they had 38 grandchildren!1 Now wouldn’t THAT make for an interesting Cousin Camp in the summer?!

Dungan Family Roots

Thomas was born about 1634 in London, England. Thomas’ father, William, was a perfumer and a London merchant. An interesting side note about William: one researcher believes William died due to a disease associated with the plague but not of the plague itself due to wording in his burial entry and the fact that no “P” (for ‘Plague’) was noted beside his name.9 William is said to have come from a Dublin, Ireland branch of the DUNGAN family that was “ennobled by Queen Elizabeth”.2 (Other accounts say the family is from County Kildare, Ireland.3 Still other accounts say this DUNGAN line is not of noble lineage at all.9 (I’ll be covering this again in a future blog post.)

DUNGAN arms and crest. Found at Internet Archive.

According to information at Geni.com, “The Dungan genealogy was traced by researchers in the early 1900’s back to Emperor Charlemagne, 800 A.D.”3 I found the lineage written out in a book on Ancestry.com.4

The line from Charlemagne to Rev. Thomas DUNGAN.

Thomas’ mother, Frances LATHAM DUNGAN, was the daughter of Lewis LATHAM who was the Sergeant Falconer to Charles I.2

Thomas Dungan & Elizabeth Weaver

Thomas immigrated to the U.S. in 1637 with his mother and other family. They settled in Newport, Rhode Island.2 He married Elizabeth WEAVER about 1663 in Rhode Island. Elizabeth had also been born in England and immigrated to the U.S. prior to 1663. Thomas died in 1687 in Cold Springs, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Elizabeth lived another 10 years and also died in Cold Springs. I was unable to find their burial locations. All traces of the church Thomas founded and also it’s accompanying cemetery where they were buried have disappeared with time. Together, Thomas and Elizabeth had 9 known children – William, Clement, Elizabeth, Thomas Jr., Rebecca, Jeremiah (my 8th great-grandfather), Mary, John, and Sarah.

Thomas held smaller elected offices between 1656 and 1681 including being the Representative from East Greenwich to the Rhode Island Assembly. In 1677, just before he came the Representative to the Rhode Island Assembly, he was named as a Patentee in the charter of the town of East Greenwich. Thomas also served as a Sergeant in the Newport Militia.

In 1682, he sold his East Greenwich, Rhode Island, property of 100 acres to his nephew and conveyed his homestead in Newport, Rhode Island (a 50-acre property) to someone else. Shortly after that he moved to Pennsylvania and settled at Cold Springs, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.

Cold Springs & the Baptist Beginnings

In Cold Springs, Thomas founded a Baptist church – the first of its denomination in Pennsylvania. He was also the first Baptist preacher in Pennsylvania. He pastored the church he founded until his death in 1688.5, 6 The famous Pennypack Church (also written as Pennepack or Pennepeck)7 was an outgrowth of Thomas DUNGAN’s little Baptist church in Cold Springs. I was unable to locate the church nor was I able to find anyone who could tell me where the church had been. It has been lost to time as has the cemetery associated with the church.

This picture was found on FindAGrave website but I was never able to locate the place when I was in Pennsylvania this past May.8

Image found at FindAGrave.

Although I was unable to locate Thomas’ or Elizabeth’s graves, I did find an image of a memorial to Thomas DUNGAN. This image came from FindAGrave:8

Reverend Thomas DUNGAN memorial. FindAGrave.

One last item on Findagrave was a photograph of the recorded will of Thomas DUNGAN. I always hesitate to say what is someone’s signature but this does appear to be his signature since it doesn’t say “his mark”. So, for what it’s worth, Thomas DUNGAN’s signature on his will (bottom right corner):8

I always like to look through wills of my ancestors to see what they owned when they died. Thomas’ will recorded on 1 February 1688 lists household goods of “Linnen, wooling, Bedding, brass, pewter” but it specifically excluded his son Clement’s bed, his daughter Marie’s bed, and two brass kettles. As I was searching the internet for pictures I came a cross a costumer’s blog. If you’d like to see how the working men were dressing in 1688, I recommend clicking over to the Costume Historian blog. The post I linked shows a drawing of a sweep as he would have been dressed in 1688. If you’re interested in what the bed and mattress would have looked like in the 17th century around the time that Thomas died, I recommend going to the Pennsbury Manor website. They have a great article about it which you can read at the link. They also link out to a site that shows you how to stuff the mattresses. Look at picture at the bottom of the Pennsbury Manor article. Who can remember seeing mattress ticking like that at Granny BATES’ house?? Finally, the one specific item on the list – a brass kettle. At William Dykes Antiques website I found a brass kettle listed as late 17th-early 18th century and it stated this form was the earliest kettle form and that this kettle was of Dutch or English origin.

Brass kettle found at William Dykes Antiques.

Maternal Pennsylvania

Since I’m going in order of the names I researched in Pennsylvania, that means next week I won’t be writing about my mom’s family but I’ll be back to her family again soon. I hope you’ve enjoyed getting to know Thomas DUNGAN as well as the SEELYs and BRINKERs and PARSONS. My maternal Poconos ancestors have been fun to learn and write about. We’ve covered approximately half of my research out of a 10-day research trip to Pennsylvania. I’m looking forward to bringing you the remaining stories soon. Once I tell all the Pennsylvania stories we’ll move on to my trip to Missouri. It’s been an exciting summer of research. I hope you’re enjoying it as much as I have been. One last note for my cousins descending from Thomas DUNGAN: be happy! Ancestors in his paternal and maternal lines typically lived to about 100 years old. You have good genes, cousins!

Until next time,

Lisa @ Days of Our Lives blog

Resources

  1. Dungan Family of Pennsylvania. Monroe County Historical Association, Stroudsburg, PA.
  2. Davis, William W. H. History of Bucks County, Pennyslvania, from the Discovery of the Delaware to the Present Time. Accessed on the Internet Archive on 8 July 2022.
  3. Geni.com. Accessed on 9 July 2022.
  4. Justice, Alfred Rudulph, compiler. Ancestry of Jeremy Clarke of Rhode Island and Dungan Genealogy. Accessed on Ancestry.com.
  5. Dungan Family History accessed at both Ancestry and ReligionDocBox.com on 8 July 2022.
  6. Baptist History. Accessed on 8 July 2022.
  7. GodRules. “History of Baptist Denomination – Pennsylvania.” Accessed on 8 July 2022.
  8. Findagrave website. Accessed on 8 July 2022.
  9. “The Ancestry of William Dungan”. The Genealogist. p. 194-202. Notebook located at Monroe County Historical Association, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.
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He Refused Them More Drink

Mom’s family was thick as thieves in the Poconos area of Pennsylvania! That includes the families of my 5th great grandparents, John SEELY and Katrin (Katherine) BRINKER. I talked about the BRINKERs in the previous post. Now I want to talk about the SEELYs.

John SEELY’s parents were Samuel J. SEELY, Jr. and Mary DeHAVEN. Samuel was born 4 April 1710 in Stamford, Fairfield, Connecticut. Mary was born in 1714 in Trappe, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. Trappe is now a suburb of Philadelphia. Samuel and Mary married sometime in 1729-1730 in Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania. They had 6 children that I am aware of – William, Isaac, John, Samuel, Sarah, and Jonas. The line from Samuel and Mary is: Samuel and Mary’s son John, John’s son George, George’s son Charles, Charles’ daughter Mary and Mary’s son (and my great grandpa) Albert BATES.

Just for background, all the stories I’ve been telling recently about Easton and the Indian raids, etc. – all of that still applies to Samuel so keep it in mind. You can find a brief history and one researcher’s interpretation of the documentation available on Samuel SEELY here. This particular SEELY cousin (Sandra McGINNIS) has a very interesting Facebook blog where she celebrates hers and her husband Ed’s ancestors with biographical Facebook blog posts. In the post I linked above she gives a brief biographical sketch of Samuel SEELY. She and I haven’t come to all the same conclusions but I respect her work and contributions to the family history and encourage you to go take a look at her post about Samuel SEELY. You can also find information about Samuel SEELY on Kevin SHOLDER’s website at https://sites.rootsweb.com/~rdrunner/web_data/p52607.htm.

Some researchers say Samuel was an Ironmaster. He served as a wagon master during the French and Indian Wars. He owned a considerable amount of land including 196 acres plus 68 “perches” of land. At the end of his life, he was a tavernkeeper. This job as a tavernkeeper is what would take his life and that’s what I want to talk about today – the tragic end of Samuel SEELY. Samuel SEELY’s murder was the earliest recorded murder in Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

Smithfield Township map showing the Seely land with Seely Grove and Seely Pond marked. Image found at Ancestry.com.

The Tragic End of Samuel Seely

There is a place in Easton, Pennsylvania called Gallows Hill. Lehigh Valley Live confirms that it takes it’s name from the public hangings that used to take place there very early in Easton’s history. Today you’ll find St. Bernard’s Catholic Church there. It’s on South Fifth Street if you ever get a chance to go to Easton. The most famous executions that took place at Gallows Hill were the executions of three soldiers from General John SULLIVAN’s expedition. Their more immediate commander was Lieutenant Colonel Adam HUBLEY. If you’ll remember, John SULLIVAN was the one that basically took over Brinker’s Mill in Sciota when he went through there on his “take-no-prisoners” quest to quell the Iroquois uprising. Andreas BRINKER’s granddaughter, Katrin or Katherine – my 5th great grandmother – married John SEELY, the son of this post’s Samuel SEELY. It all connects.

The Lehigh Valley Live website briefly mentions the execution of the three soldiers but it’s so sanitized it would be easy to read over it and forget it but don’t! It has so much meaning to our family history.

The most famous executions were the hangings of three soldiers in the Sullivan Expedition. William McCoy, Patrick Drogan and Daniel Monaghan  were hanged on June 12, 1779, for the murder of a tavernkeeper near  Stroudsburg.

Lehigh Valley Live, accessed on 17 June 2022.1

That tavernkeeper that was murdered? That was my maternal 6th great grandfather, Samuel SEELY. Why was he murdered? Who were the people that murdered him? I had so many questions when I learned of his murder.

Off the Beaten Path

Samuel’s tavern was “off the beaten path” – at least for Sullivan’s Expedition, it was. No one that I’ve read or studied is really sure how 3 soldiers from Sullivan’s Expedition ended up at Samuel’s tavern, but they did. Looking at a map, Brinker’s Mill (which, if you’ll remember was taken over by Sullivan for his campaign’s/soldiers’ benefit) is 19 miles away from Echo Lake where Samuel lived (about 30 minutes’ drive time but considerably longer if you’re walking or on horseback). At the time of his murder, Samuel owned 196 acres plus 68 “perches” of land in Lower Smithfield Township.

Locations relevant to Samuel SEELY’s life and murder. Google maps screenshot with my edits.

I want to show you what the Seely Grove/Seely Pond (now Echo Lake) looks like just so you have an idea.

Seely Grove video 1, Middle Smithfield, Pennsylvania.
Seely Grove, Middle Smithfield, Pennsylvania.
Seely Grove/Seely Pond area, Middle Smithfield, Pennsylvania.

I tried researching the three men. It’s as if they dropped onto Earth to murder Samuel and then vanished again. No trace of them whatsoever. They were said to be from Colonel Adam HUBLEY’s regiment. Whatever happened, the men ended up at Samuel’s tavern wanting drinks. Samuel, for whatever reason, refused to serve the soldiers the alcohol they demanded. For this, William McCOY, Patrick DROGAN, and Daniel MONAGHAN killed him.

The Documents That Remain

Only a couple of documents survive from the court case according to Monroe Legal Reporter. In this handful of documents we receive all the information we may ever know about Samuel’s murder. We know he was killed in 1779. The murder happened less than 2 years after the signing of the Declaration of Independence. In fact, one of the Supreme Court Justices who upheld the guilty verdict and death sentence was also a signer of the Declaration of Independence (Chief Justice Thomas McKEAN). We know the Justices met on 17 May 1779 in Easton, Northampton, Pennsylvania for the May term of the Oyer and Terminer Court. In the original trial, all 3 men (McCOY, MONAGHAN, and DROGAN) pled not guilty. The jury was called 18 May 1779. They found all 3 men guilty and the men were sentenced to be hung. The justices upheld the verdict and sentencing and the hanging was set for 12 June 1779. All 3 men were hung on that date at Gallows Hill in Easton, Northampton, Pennsylvania between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m.

Page 1 of Samuel SEELY’s story from the Monroe Legal Reporter.
Outcome of the case where the three soldiers were ordered to be executed on Gallows Hill in Easton, Pennsylvania.

As far as I can tell, the three men who were Justices at that time were Thomas McKEAN, William Augustus ATLEE, and John EVANS.2 Other attorneys and judges were named but these were the Supreme Court Justices. I was surprised that all the jurors were named in the documents. Just something I noted: the anniversary of the hanging of these three men was a mere 5 days ago from the day I started writing this blog post.

In addition to the names listed above, the book Pennsylvania’s Traitors and Criminals During the Revolutionary War3 and also in the Minutes of the Provincial Council of Pennsylvania4 (from which I’m quoting), lists the following Esquires so I’m not sure if they’re attorneys or judges:

PHILAD’A, Wednesday, May 26, 1779.

PRESENT:

His Excell’y JOSEPH REED, Esq’r, President. Hon’ble GEORGE BRYAN, Esq’r, Vice President.

Joseph Hart, John Macky, James Read, Jac’b Arndt, & Matt’w Smith, Esqu’rs.

A Transcript of the record of conviction of William McCoy, Dan’l Monaghan, & Patrick Drogan, late of the County of Northampton, before the Judges of the Supreme Court held at Easton, for the County of Northampton, on the seventeenth day of May, inst., of Murder, and the sentence of the Court thereupon “that they, the said Will’m McCoy, Dan’l Monaghan, & Patrick Drogan, be hanged by the Neck ’till they be dead,” being read;

On Consideration,

Ordered, That Saturday the twelfth day of June next be appointed for the execution of the said sentence between the hours of ten of the Clock of the Forenoon & two of the Clock in the Afternoon of the same day, at the usual place of Execution, & that a Warrant, under the less Seal of the State, signed by the President & attested by the Secretary, be accordingly issued.

The Hon’ble the Congress of these United States having transmitted to this board the following resolution, Viz:

“In Congress, 22d May, 1779.

The final word in the sentencing related to the murder conviction of the men who murdered Samuel SEELY in Smithfield, Pennsylvania, in 1778. This information is also available in the Colonial Records, Vol. 12.5

Digging Deeper: The Officers’ Journals

I decided to continue looking one last time before I published this post and I found a book of Officers’ journals. The journal entries were written at the time of the hanging so I feel the information is more reliable than what I had previously found. Harvard University has a copy of the book of journals online at Hathitrust. It’s entitled, Journals of the Military Expedition of Major General John Sullivan Against the Six Nations of Indians in 1779 with Records of Centennial Celebrations.11 Captain Daniel LIVERMORE’s entry for 12 June 1779 gives a few different details about the execution carried out on this date:

Saturday, June 12. This day, at four, P.M., the troops parade to attend the execution of three criminals, inhabitants of this State, convicted of murder and highway robbery. They were tried before the civil authority, and have been under sentence eleven months. Nothing more worthy of notice this day.

Harvard University/Hathitrust11 Journal of Captain Daniel LIVERMORE, page 180.

This was the first time I saw any indication of a crime other than murder. It’s also the first time I’m seeing information that Samuel was killed in 1778, not 1779. If this journal is to be believed (and I think it would be much more reliable since it was written at the time of the event), a robbery occurred in addition to a murder. Perhaps the murderers had their drinks after all. Even more disturbing though was the entry for the following day in this journal:

Sunday, June 13. This day, one of the criminals executed yesterday, was dug up and dissected of which I was a spectator. Nothing further worthy of notice this day.

Harvard University/Hathitrust.11 Journal of Captain Daniel LIVERMORE, page 180.

This is the only place I’ve found any of these details in a months’ worth of researching. So although the details were grim, I’m glad I stuck with it. There is nothing I’ve found that gives details about these men’s burials other than what is written in this journal. There is no record of their final resting place, no record of family, nothing. While I detest the acts they committed, I can’t find it in my heart to wish them an eternity of anonymity. I wish the journal writer had named the one that was dug up or stated where the three soldiers were buried. I suspect they were buried at Gallows Hill which means they are under the Catholic Church that now stands there. However, no one will ever know unless some other documents are located by researchers in the future. While I’m sad that I don’t know exactly where my Samuel (the murder victim) is buried, I’m glad that at least part of the information is now out there as to the final resting place of the murderers.

Sergeant Thomas ROBERTS gave his account of the triple execution in a journal he kept. I retained the spelling used in the journal:

12th. theare was three Solgers hanged for Murder I never saw so many Specttators in my Life I think. According to my opinion theare was 4,000 that night one was taking up again [the Doctor] Cut his arm and Leg and Examined him and the next night then buried him again.

Harvard University/Hathitrust.11 Journal of Sergeant Thomas ROBERTS, page 240.

Lieutenant Samuel M. SHUTE gave his account stating:

June 12th. There were executed three soldiers of the Pennsylvania Line for murdering a man who refused to sell them more drink.

Harvard University/Hathitrust.11 Journal of Lieutenant Samuel M. SHUTE, page 268.

The triple hanging caused quite a stir in Easton. Sergeant Major GRANT noted that the “whole of the Troops on the ground were present at this melancholy occasion”.9 I am thankful that all these officers kept journals no matter how brief their entries were. It provides just a couple of extra details that would not have otherwise been retained about the murder.

One additional thing I noted in the records were that two of Samuel’s sons, Jonas and Isaac, were called as witnesses in the case. It’s horrifying to think that Samuel’s sons witnessed his murder and then had to testify about it.

Final Notes

While I have not found any information that I can say is definitively about the three men who murdered Samuel SEELY, I have found some intriguing information that future researchers may want to follow up on. I believe the possibility is strong that this book talks about the same William McCOY who murdered Samuel. The book is William McCoy and His Descendants by Lycurgus McCoy. You can find the book online at the link. I believe the correct William McCOY can be found beginning on page 22.8

I like to walk away from a story with a lesson or principle to make your life (and mine) better. The thing that’s on my mind tonight is that life is so precious and so fleeting. Treat everyone as though you’re speaking to them for the last time because when it really is our “last time”, we don’t typically get advance notice of that. You never know when the last time is THE “last time”. So speak with love, show charity to others, and pray for forgiveness for yourself and others. Life is so short. Love your people.

Until next time,

Lisa @ Days of Our Lives blog

Resources

  1. https://www.lehighvalleylive.com/news/g66l-2019/01/a7e3ea84774575/how-15-lehigh-valley-places-got-their-weird-names.html, accessed 17 June 2022.
  2. https://www.pacourts.us/learn/history/historical-list-of-supreme-court-justices, accessed 17 June 2022.
  3. Corbly, Don. Pennsylvania’s Traitors and Criminals During the Revolutionary War. Accessed on Google Books on 18 June 2022.
  4. Minutes of the Provincial Council of Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania. Supreme executive council, Minutes. 1853. Accessed online at Google Books on 18 June 2022.
  5. Colonial Records, Vol. 12. 1853. Accessed online at Google Books on 18 June 2022.
  6. Hayburn, Timothy. Who Should Die?: The Evolution of Capital Punishment in Pennsylvania,1681-1794. Accessed online at the Lehigh University Library website on 18 June 2022.
  7. The History of Easton, Penn’a, from the Earliest Times to the Present, 1739-1885. Accessed online at Internet Archive on 18 June 2022.
  8. McCoy, Lycurgus. William McCoy and His Descendants. Accessed online at Forgotten Books on 18 June 2022.
  9. Zellers-Frederick, Andrew A. “Maj. Gen. John Sullivan and the Occupation of Easton, Pennsylvania, May 7-June 18, 1779.” Journal of the American Revolution, Frontier, Native Americans, The War Years (1775-1783). February 13, 2020. Accessed online at https://allthingsliberty.com/2020/02/maj-gen-john-sullivan-and-the-occupation-of-easton-pennsylvania-may-7-june-18-1779/ on 18 June 2022.
  10. Hoffman, Luther S. The Unwritten History of Smithfield Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania. Accessed online at Digital Books and at Penn State University Library. Both accessed on 18 June 2022.
  11. Cook, Frederick. Journals of the Military Expedition of Major General John Sullivan Against the Six Nations of Indians in 1779 with Records of Centennial Celebrations. Accessed online at Harvard University/Hathitrust on 7 July 2022.
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